长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)微卫星多重PCR 体系构建及其在家系鉴定中的应用     

纪仁平  李焕军  冯艳微  张荣良  王卫军  杨建敏 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1542-1548

筛选多态性高、特异性好、片段大小适中的10 个长牡蛎微卫星位点进行优化组合, 根据扩 增片段大小及同一荧光不重叠原则构建了两组五重PCR 体系。运用CERVUS 3.0 软件对0527 组27 个长牡蛎全同胞家系的643 个子代和0612 组27 个全同胞家系382 个子代分别进行亲权鉴定。结果 发现, 用两组微卫星五重PCR 鉴别时, 在0527 组和0612 组的鉴定成功率均为100%; 只用第一组微 卫星五重PCR, 可以将0527 组96%的子代和0612 组96%的子代鉴定到亲本; 只用第二组微卫星五 重PCR, 可以将0527 组97%的子代和0612 组95%的子代鉴定到亲本。本研究中筛选出的两组微卫 星五重PCR 体系在两组家系中的鉴定效率均较高, 可以快速有效地将子代个体鉴定至所属父母本, 在长牡蛎家系鉴定中具有很好的应用价值。  相似文献   

天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区现状及管理对策     

殷小亚  陈海刚  乔延龙  陈亮 《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(1):162-166

天津大神堂是我国北方纬度最高的现代活体牡蛎群聚海域,区域内地质条件特殊,生物多样性丰富,贝类生物与砂质沉积物等环境因素共同构成了独特活牡蛎礁海洋生态系统。近几年来,受海洋开发、环境污染、过度捕捞影响,牡蛎礁区面积逐年减缩小,生物资源持续衰退,2013年经国家海洋局批准建立了天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区。为加强海洋特别保护区建设,本文分析了天津大神堂海洋特别保护区的自然条件和现状,探讨了健全管理体系,完善法律法规制度,加强生态环境监测,构建兼顾生态效益和经济效益的可持续利用新模式等问题,以期为天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区的养护及管理提供参考。  相似文献   

Depuration dynamics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium     

de Abreu Corrêa A  Albarnaz JD  Moresco V  Poli CR  Teixeira AL  Oliveira Simões CM  Monte Barardi CR 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(5):479-489

The State of Santa Catarina produces the greatest quantity of edible mollusks in Brazil. To guarantee sanitary qualify, mollusk cultures should be monitored for contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. A self-purification or "depuration" system that eliminates Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination from oysters has been developed and evaluated. The depuration process occurred within a closed system, in which 1000 L of water was recirculated for 24 h. The water was sterilized with ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine, or both together. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated with S. typhimurium were harvested every 6 h. Samples of oyster tissue were excised and both the presence and numbers of bacteria were determined. Combined UV light and chlorine treatments resulted in total elimination of bacteria within 12 h. Polymerase chain reaction detected bacteria in water exposed to the three treatments. This pioneering study is the first of its kind in Brazil and represents a major contribution to commercial mollusk culture in this country.  相似文献   

基于RNA-seq数据分析长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)天然免疫的可变剪接事件          下载免费PDF全文

李若晖  张琳琳 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(1):182-192

大部分无脊椎动物缺乏基于经典抗体和记忆细胞的适应性免疫, 因而天然免疫在无脊椎动物免疫防御中发挥不可或缺的作用。可变剪接正是产生天然免疫多样性和特异性的重要途径。牡蛎(Crassostrea)是全球范围内的大宗养殖贝类和我国产量最高的海水养殖贝类, 理解其天然免疫系统的多样性和特异性对牡蛎病害防治和养殖业健康可持续发展至关重要。通过对不同病原诱导以及诱导后不同时间的转录组进行生物信息分析, 系统地研究了长牡蛎天然免疫应激反应的可变剪接事件。发现在弧菌诱导下可变剪接事件的总数显著增加, 表明弧菌的感染会诱导长牡蛎可变剪接事件的产生。对病原诱导后可变剪接体的组成类型及表达量显著变化的基因的功能富集分析, 表明免疫系统相关功能被显著富集, 病原感染不同阶段以及不同病原感染后可变剪接体的组成类型和表达量均不一致, 表明长牡蛎免疫系统可通过可变剪接产生免疫响应的特异性和多样性。研究结果为长牡蛎等无脊椎动物天然免疫多样性和特异性提供了典型实例, 也为长牡蛎病害防御提供了理论支撑。  相似文献   

福建沿海巨蛎属牡蛎的主要种类及其分布   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杜玄  郭希明  钱鲁闽 《台湾海峡》2009,28(3):399-404

本实验采用了多重种类特异性PCR（multiplex species—specific PCR）技术，研究了巨蛎属（Crassostrea）牡蛎主要种类在福建沿海的分布．从沿海11个采样地点共采集了657个野生牡蛎样本，随机抽取了327个牡蛎样本进行基因组DNA的提取和线粒体COI基因的鉴定，结果发现200个个体为葡萄牙牡蛎（Crassostrea angulata），101个个体为近江牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis），20个个体为熊本牡蛎（Crassostrea sikamea），6个个体为香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）．此次实验中未发现长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）．结果表明，福建沿海有葡萄牙牡蛎、近江牡蛎、熊本牡蛎和香港巨牡蛎4种巨蛎属牡蛎分布．  相似文献   

渤海湾泥质海岸带近现代地质环境变化研究(Ⅱ):成果与讨论   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

王宏 《第四纪研究》2003,23(4):393-403

渤海湾泥质海岸带国土资源大调查以其特有的方法、手段和要求,获得了一批带有地质调查特点的、关于全新世地层与近现代地质环境变化的阶段性成果,主要包括:1)该地区海岸带全新世地层具有4种沉积类型:(A)远离海岸的传统的"三分"型;(B)海相层与陆(海陆过渡)相层的多次交替;(C)末次冰期后期未接受沉积,全新统半咸水的海陆过渡相直接覆于历时约10～20ka的沉积间断面上,向上,进一步发育为海相层;(D)沿海低洼地区在末次盛冰期后的晚更新世晚期即已进入海侵阶段,晚更新世晚期与全新世早期的海陆过渡相沉积是连续的,向上继续发育海相层.2)从以海水影响为主的开放潮坪(及浅海区)环境转变为(陆源影响逐渐加强的)湖-盐沼环境,是研究区中晚全新世地质环境转变的重要特征,建立了表征这两种不同环境的非正式地层单位("灰色单元"与"黄色单元").3)牡蛎礁与贝壳堤的对比方案,以牡蛎礁对应潮坪的贝类繁盛期,牡蛎礁中的水平再搬运夹层和/或上覆泥质盖层(往往形成"岭地")对应贝壳堤成堤.4)大比例尺区调地质点(浅孔)揭示了中晚全新世(近现代)地质环境变化,编绘出约4500calB.P.以来小于1ka时段的二维、假三维环境系列图.一个实例是Ⅱ贝壳堤向陆侧的洼地甚至早于该堤的形成,推测洼地边缘的NNW向的埋藏线性凸起可能受同一方向的新构造活动控制.5)渤海湾沿海平原线性砂坝(障壁岛)-湖/盐沼成因假说.作为堆积贝壳堤正地形的补偿,堤前因"簸选"贝壳导致的潮坪负地形,同样可发育湖沉积.6)210pb/137Cs测年研究提供了该地区现代沉积速率的初步结果(＜0.1cm/a或＞3cm/a不等),据此将海岸带划分为不同的沉积类型区.  相似文献   

Concentrations of selected trace metals (Cu,Pb, Zn), organochlorines (PCBs,HCB) and total PAHs in mangrove oysters from the Pacific Coast of Mexico: an overview   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Páez-Osuna F  Ruiz-Fernández AC  Botello AV  Ponce-Vélez G  Osuna-López JI  Frías-Espericueta MG  López-López G  Zazueta-Padilla HM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(11):1303-1308

  相似文献   

Microsatellite variation in the oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea plicatula</Emphasis> along the coast of China     

Hong Yu  Qi Li  Ruihai Yu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(4):432-438

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostrea plicatula populations from China’s coast were studied based on seven microsatellite loci. All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C. plicatula populations, with an average number of allele per locus of 19.3–27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889–0.952. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus, which were fully explained by null alleles. Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C. plicatula populations. According to the neighbor-joining tree constructed on the basis of the D _A distance, the five populations fell into three regional groups, showing a relatively homogeneous genetic structure in geographically close populations. Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their original populations and groups, and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C. plicatula populations. The results obtained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs, stock identification and conservation of biodiversity for the species.  相似文献   

Nitrogenous compounds changes in emersed oysters: Crassostrea gigas     

Sarra Rafrafi  Roger F. Uglow 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The effects of emersing oysters (Crassostrea gigas) for up to 66 h at 4 °C under humid air and nitrogen atmospheres were studied. A significant, gradual body mass loss occurred under nitrogen (8.36 ± 0.85% final weight loss) but no significant loss occurred under humid air (4.92 ± 2.67% final weight loss). Emersion duration and the mantle cavity fluid (MCF) total ammonia (TA) concentration showed a positive, linear relationship (r² = 0.73 and 0.74 under humid air and N₂, respectively). The MCF TA and trimethylamine (TMA) contents were also positively related (r² = 0.64 and 0.69 under humid air and N₂, respectively).  相似文献   

Seasonal Variation of the Glycogen Enzyme Activity in Diploid and Triploid Pacific Oyster Gonad During Sexual Maturation     

KONG Lingfeng WANG Zhaoping YU Ruihai LI Qi WANG Rucai 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(4):383-386

The glycogen content and the activities of two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and gly- cogen synthetase, in the gonad of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were compared during maturation. The glycogen content in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 85.7%), but the glycogen content in the gonad of trip- loids did not vary significantly. Activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 55.5%), while GP activity of triploids did not vary significantly during maturation. Activity of glycogen synthetase (GS) in the gonad of diploids increased slightly with gametogenesis, reaching a peak in June. Activity of GS declined sharply from June to July, which might be due to gonad spawning. GS activity of triploid oysters in spawning time (July and August) was significantly higher than that in other months, which might be explained with a ‘compensating’ mechanism for the higher glycogen content in triploids.  相似文献